By Dr. Sayan Dasgupta, Clinical & Radiation Oncologist
Genital warts are more common than most people realize, yet many hesitate to seek medical help because of stigma or fear. Understanding genital warts—and their link to certain types of cancer—is essential for early detection, timely treatment, and long-term protection.
In this blog, we break down the science in a simple, patient-friendly way, while clearing myths and offering practical guidance.
What Are Genital Warts?
Genital warts are small, skin-colored bumps that appear in the genital or anal region.
They are caused by the Human Papillomavirus (HPV)—one of the most widespread viral infections in the world.
More than 100+ strains of HPV exist, but only a few are responsible for genital warts.
HPV Types Causing Genital Warts
HPV 6
HPV 11
These are considered low-risk HPV strains because they rarely cause cancer.
However, their presence indicates HPV exposure, which means there is a possibility of coinfection with high-risk strains.
Can Genital Warts Lead to Cancer?
The short answer:
Genital warts themselves DO NOT turn into cancer.
But the HPV infection that causes them can coexist with high-risk HPV strains that do cause cancer.
High-Risk HPV Types Linked to Cancer
HPV 16
HPV 18
and others like 31, 33, 45
These strains can cause:
Cervical cancer
Vulvar cancer
Vaginal cancer
Anal cancer
Penile cancer
Oropharyngeal (throat) cancers
So while warts are caused by low-risk types, the presence of HPV infection increases the importance of screening and monitoring.
How HPV Causes Cancer
High-risk HPV strains can cause long-lasting infection. Over time, the virus can:
Insert its DNA into healthy cells
Cause abnormal cell growth
Slowly progress to precancer or cancer
This process may take years, which is why regular screening is crucial.
Who Is at Higher Risk?
You may be at increased risk of HPV-related cancers if you have:
Multiple sexual partners
Unprotected intercourse
A weakened immune system
Smoking addiction
Long-standing HPV infection
History of genital warts or other STIs
Both men and women can develop HPV-associated cancers.
Symptoms You Should Never Ignore
HPV-related cancers often start silently.
Seek medical attention if you notice:
Abnormal bleeding
Persistent genital or anal pain
Lumps or lesions
Non-healing ulcers
Unexplained weight loss
Throat discomfort or difficulty swallowing
Early detection dramatically improves outcomes.
How Genital Warts Are Treated
Treatment options include:
Topical medications
Cryotherapy (freezing)
Laser therapy
Electrocautery
Surgical removal
However, treatment removes the warts—not the virus.
Regular follow-up with a specialist is strongly recommended.
How to Lower Your Cancer Risk
1. HPV Vaccination
Safe, effective, and recommended for:
Girls & boys (9–14 years)
Young adults who missed their shots
Adults up to 45 years (after doctor consultation)
The vaccine protects against both low-risk (warts) and high-risk (cancer-causing) strains.
2. Safe Sexual Practices
Use protection
Limit number of partners
Avoid high-risk sexual behaviors
3. Regular Screening
For women:
Pap smear
HPV DNA tests
For men & women:
Anal Pap test (if high-risk)
Oral cavity check-ups
4. Strengthen Immunity
A healthy immune system can naturally clear HPV.
Key Takeaway
Genital warts themselves are not cancerous, but they signal an HPV infection—which may involve other high-risk HPV types that can lead to cancer.
With timely screening, vaccination, and expert care, the risks can be significantly reduced.
If you notice any symptoms or have concerns about HPV, do not hesitate to seek medical guidance. Early treatment and awareness can prevent cancer and protect your long-term health.
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